In pipes through which water flows, the pipe friction and various deflections cause pressure losses that manifest themselves as pressure losses. Allows the investigation by experimentation of pressure losses in pipes and different pipe elements.
The trainer includes ten pipe sections with different pipe elements. Four of the pipe sections are straight and designed with a constant cross-sectional area; they differ from each other in material and crosssection. One of the pipe sections includes three different types of flow diversion: pipe bend, pipe angle and segment bend. Two other pipe sections include various shut-off valves and fittings with different resistances. The opening characteristics of the valves and fittings are determined in the experiment. Two other pipe sections contain gradual and sudden contractions and enlargements. The last pipe section is designed as a parallel, dual line.
A water supply and drain are required for operation. If the trainer is to be operated as a closed circuit without connection to the mains water network, this can be done with the optional unit.
The pressure measuring points in the pipe system are designed as annular chambers and are located directly upstream and downstream of the pipe elements, ensuring a precise pressure measurement. The sensors are connected in pairs to a differential pressure meter, a manometer panel or twin tube manometers where the respective differential pressure can be read. The flow is displayed on a rotameter.
The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.
Learning Objectives / Experiments
Different methods of differential pressure measurements
Influence of pipe diameters, different materials and surface roughness
Effect of the flow velocity
Pressure loss in pipe bends, pipe angles and segment bends
Pressure losses in cross-section changes
Determination of resistance coefficients
Valve characteristics of various valves and fittings
Comparison between experiment and calculation
Specification:
Investigation of the pressure losses in pipe elements
Ten different pipe sections
Measurement of pressure losses in valves, changes in pipe direction, straight pipes, contraction/enlargement or parallel lines
Selection of pipe sections via hose connections with quick-release coupling
Operation via mains water network or in a closed circuit with plastic tank with submersible pump
Flow measurement with rotameter
Pressure sensor in annular chambers
Differential pressure measurement with differential pressure meter or twin tube manometers or 6 tube manometers
Technical Data:
Pipe sections, length: 1000mm
Straight, Cu, diameter: 18x1mm,
Straight, galvanised steel, diameter: ½"
Straight, PVC, diameter: 20x1,5mm,
Straight, PVC, diameter: 32x1,5mm
Section with segment bend, pipe angle, pipe bend
Gradual/sudden enlargement in diameter: from 20 to 32mm
Gradual/sudden contraction in diameter: from 32 to 20mm