Potential Flow

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Product Description

POTENTIAL FLOW

The laminar, two-dimensional flow is a good approximation of the flow of ideal fluids: the potential flow. All physical systems described with the Laplace equation can be demonstrated with potential flow. This includes current and thermal flows as well as magnetic flux.

The laminar, two-dimensional flow is achieved by water flowing at low velocity in a narrow gap between two parallel glass plates. The parallel flow generated in this way is non-vortical and can be regarded as potential flow. Sources and sinks are generated via eight water connections in the bottom glass plate. The streamlines are displayed on the glass plate by injecting a contrast medium (ink).

In experiments the flow around bodies is demonstrated by inserting models into the parallel flow. Interchangeable models such as a cylinder, guide vane profile or nozzle contour are included.

To model the flow without models, it is possible to overlay parallel flow, sources, sinks and dipoles as required. This allows the demonstration of the formation of Rankine half-bodies.

The water flow rate and the quantity of contrast medium injected can be adjusted by using valves. The water connections are also activated by valves and can be combined as required.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments.

Learning Objectives / Experiments

Visualisation of streamlines in
Flow around drag bodies: cylinder, guide vane profile, square, rectangle
Flow through models: nozzle contour, sudden contraction or enlargement
Flow separation, flow with 90° deflection
Modelling the flow around bodies by overlaying parallel flow and sources and/or sinks
Formation of Rankine half-bodies
Demonstration of a dipole
Analogy between potential flow and other physical systems which are described by the Laplace equation

Specification:

Demonstration of potential flow in a Hele-Shaw cell for visualising streamlines
Flow around supplied models: cylinder, square, rectangle, guide vane profile, various models for changes in cross-section
Modelling the flow around contours without models by overlaying parallel flow with sources or sinks
Water as flowing medium and ink as contrast medium
Hele-Shaw cell made of two glass plates arranged in parallel with narrow gap
Upper glass plate, hinged for swapping models
Bottom glass plate with cross-shaped water connections for generating sources/sinks, can be combined as required
Grid in the bottom glass panel for optimal observation of the streamlines
Flow velocity, water inlet and water outlet in sources/sinks as well as dosage of the contrast medium can be adjusted by using valves

Technical Data: