Principle Of A Francis Turbine
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OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF A FRANCIS TURBINE
The Francis turbine is part of the reaction turbines which convert the pressure energy of water into kinetic energy in the distributor and in the rotor.
Francis turbines are used at medium heads and large flow rates. The turbine power is controlled by adjusting the guide vanes. In practice, Francis turbines are used in run-of-the river power plants and in storage power plants. The Francis turbine is an accessory for the trainer. The experimental unit consists of the rotor, the distributor with adjustable guide vanes, a band brake for loading the turbine and the spiral housing with a transparent front panel.The transparent cover enables you to observe the water flow, the rotor and the guide vanes during operation. The angle of attack and the cross-section of flow are adapted to the speed and power of the turbine by adjusting the guide vanes.
The pressure at the turbine inlet is recorded with a pressure sensor. A force sensor and a speed sensor are attached to the band brake. Thus, the mechanical power output of the turbine can be determined. Speed, torque and pressure are displayed on the switch cabinet of and processed further in the software. Water supply and flow rate measurement are provided by. The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments. The unit perform the following experiments ar investigations:
Learning Objectives / Experiments
- Design and function of a Francis turbine
- Determination of torque, power and efficiency
- Graphical representation of characteristic curves for torque, power and efficiency
Specification:
- Function of a Francis turbine
- Transparent front panel for observing the operating area
- Loading the turbine by use of the band brake
- Adjustable guide vanes for setting different angles of attack
- Marking on brake drum for non-contact speed measurement
- Instruments: spring balances for determining the torque, manometer shows pressure at turbine inlet
- Flow determination by base module
- Water supply using the base module or via lab supply
Technical Data:
- Turbine
- output: 12W at n=1100min-1, approx. 40L/min, H=8m
- Rotor, 7 blades
- Blade width: 5mm
- External diameter: 50mm
- Guide vanes: 6 vanes, adjustable (20 stages)
Measuring ranges:
- Braking force (spring balance): 10N
- Pressure: 0...1,0bar
Dimensions and Weight:
- LxWxH: 425x425x680mm
- Weight: approx. 22kg
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